In Key

Dear Impossible Readers,

We navigate daily through a patchwork of keys, passcodes, and devices; each serving different locks, doors, or systems. These fragmented routines will only multiply as new authentication technologies appear. To this end, a more seamless solution is needed.

The concept is a single adaptive physical key that works across multiple locks. Its blade, made of shape memory alloys or electroactive polymers, morphs into the required biting pattern when it receives a precise short-range wireless signal. A biometric bow with a built-in vein scanner ensures it only works for the authorised user. The lock opens only if both the mechanical fit and the biometric scan match.

The technological building blocks are already in use. Shape memory alloys are deployed in aerospace components and medical devices. Electroactive polymers are being refined in research labs for faster actuation and lower energy requirements. Miniature actuators are common in robotics. What does not yet exist is the integration of these components into a robust, portable adaptive key, along with a standardised smart lock-adaptive key communication protocol.

Developing this concept would require work on energy efficiency, material fatigue resistance, and durability in everyday environments. Early applications would suit high-security facilities where both convenience and strong authentication are essential, but eventually this approach could replace the clutter most of us carry.

To the key that unlocks all,
Yours Possibly

Further Reading

Allen, A., Mylonas, A., Vidalis, S. and Gritzalis, D., 2024. Smart homes under siege: Assessing the robustness of physical security against wireless network attacks. Computers & Security139, p.103687.
An, Y., He, B., Ma, Z., Guo, Y. and Yang, G.Z., 2025. Microassembly: A review on fundamentals, applications and recent developments. Engineering48, pp.323-346.
Bapat, C., Baleri, G., Inamdar, S. and Nimkar, A.V., 2017, September. Smart-lock security re-engineered using cryptography and steganography. In International Symposium on Security in Computing and Communication (pp. 325-336). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
Ding, Y., Wang, K., Wu, X., Xiang, X., Tang, X. and Zhang, Y., 2024. Study for lightweight finger vein recognition based on a small sample. Scientific Reports14(1), p.12002.
Ghevondyan, M., Davtyan, M. and Aghayan, M., 2025. Dielectric elastomer actuators: Medical applications review. Discover Materials5(1), p.43.
Ho, G., Leung, D., Mishra, P., Hosseini, A., Song, D. and Wagner, D., 2016, May. Smart locks: Lessons for securing commodity internet of things devices. In Proceedings of the 11th ACM on Asia conference on computer and communications security (pp. 461-472).
Kim, M.S., Heo, J.K., Rodrigue, H., Lee, H.T., Pané, S., Han, M.W. and Ahn, S.H., 2023. Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators: The role of material, form, and scaling effects. Advanced Materials35(33), p.2208517.
Liu, Q., Ghodrat, S., Huisman, G. and Jansen, K.M., 2023. Shape memory alloy actuators for haptic wearables: A review. Materials & Design233, p.112264.
Narvaez, D. and Newell, B., 2025, May. A Review of Electroactive Polymers in Sensing and Actuator Applications. In Actuators (Vol. 14, No. 6, p. 258). MDPI.
Pattinson, R., Ellmer, N., Hossain, M., Ortigosa, R., Martínez-Frutos, J., Gil, A.J. and Bastola, A., 2025. Towards fully 3D printed dielectric elastomer actuators—A mini review. Additive Manufacturing Letters, p.100304.
Reynolds, M.F. and Miskin, M.Z., 2024. Materials for electronically controllable microactuators. MRS bulletin49(2), pp.107-114.
Yin, Y., Zhang, R., Liu, P., Deng, W., Hu, D., He, S., Li, C. and Zhang, J., 2025. Artificial neural networks for finger vein recognition: a survey. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence150, p.110586.

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